Creating and Applying Codes

Video Tutorial: How to code data.

Creating New Codes without Coding

You can create codes that have not (yet) been used for coding. Such codes are called "free" codes. See Coding Data - Basic Concepts. This can for example be useful when ideas for codes come to mind during normal coding work and that cannot be applied to the current segment but will be useful later. If you already have a list of codes, possibly including code descriptions and groupings elsewhere, you can use the option: Importing A List Of Codes.

From the main menu, select Code / New Code. The short-cut key combination is Cmd+K.

Create New Code

You can also create new codes in the Code Manager by clicking on the + button.

Coding with a New Code

Open a document and highlight a data segment, i.e., a piece of text, audio or video data, an area in a graphic document, or a location in a geo document.

Right-click and select Apply Codes, or use the short-cut Cmd+J, or click on the 'Apply Codes' button in the toolbar.

Creating and applying new code

Enter a name and click on the plus button or press enter. After the code is created, you can enter a definition in the comment field.

Coding Dialogue You can continue to add more codes, or simply continue to select another data segment. The dialogue closes automatically.

for more information on working with data other than text, see Working With Multimedia Data and Working With Geo Docs.

Code In-Vivo

Use in-vivo coding when the text itself contains a useful and meaningful name for a code.

In-Vivo coding can only be applied to textual primary documents.

In-vivo coding creates a quotation from the selected text AND uses the selected text as the code name. If the selected text's boundaries are not exactly what you want for the quotation, modifying the quotation's "spread" is often the next step after creating the in-vivo code. See Working with Codes > Modifying the length of a coded segment.

Select a segment in a text document, right-click and select Code in Vivo, or the corresponding button in the ribbon (Windows) / toolbar (Mac).

"Over-dependence on in-vivo codes ... 'can limit your ability to transcend to more conceptual and theoretical levels of analysis and insight' (Saldana, 2009:77). Where they are descriptive and unique to one person, the coder needs to move on from them quite quickly to generate a more analytical code." (Bazeley, 2013:166).

Display of Coded Data Segments in the Margin Area

The coded segment is displayed in the margin area. A blue bar marks the size of the coded segment (= quotation), and the code name appears next to it. When coding data in this way, a new quotation is created automatically, and the code is linked to this quotation.

Display of coded data segment in margin

Applying Existing Codes

Existing codes can be applied using the Coding Dialogue or via Drag & Drop.

Using the Coding Dialogue

Highlight a data segment, right-click and select Apply Codes, or simply double-click on the quotation.

Applying an existing code It is easy to quickly jump to the code you are looking for by entering the first few letters of the code in the search field.

Select one of the existing codes, click on the plus button or press Enter.

Drag-and-Drop Coding

Drag-and-Drop Coding is possible from the following locations:

  • the Codes branch from the Project Explorer
  • the Code Browser in the navigation panel.
  • the Code Manager

At the end of this chapter, you find other Drag-and-Drop options that are also available for your convenience.

Drag & Drop Coding from the Code Browser

To open the Code Browser, click on the Codes icon. The search field in the Code Browser facilitates handling a longer code list. Rather than scrolling the list, you enter the first letters of a code.

Coding per drag and drop

Highlight a data segment, select one or more codes from the code list and drag the code onto the highlighted data segment.

By the way, in case you were wondering, code density is not a value that is calculated by the software. It goes up, when the researcher begins to link codes to each other. See Working With Networks.

Drag & Drop Coding from the Code Manager

When using the Code Manager for drag & drop coding, it is recommended to place it next to the data you are coding. If you click on the pin on the top right-hand side of the window, the Code Manager stays on top.

You can quickly access codes using code groups to filter the code list.

Coding per drag and drop via the Code Manager

Highlight a data segment, select one or more codes from the code list and drag the code onto the highlighted data segment.

Quick Coding

Quick Coding assigns the last used code to the current data segment. This is an efficient method for the consecutive coding of segments using the most recently used code.

Highlight a data segment or click on an existing quotation.

Right click and select Quick Coding from the context menu, or use the short-cut cmd+L. Another option is to select the Drop-down next to Apply Codes in the toolbar.

Keyboard Shortcuts For Coding

CodingShort-Cut
Create Free CodeCmd+K
Apply CodesCmd+J
Apply Last Used CodesCmd+L
Code In VivoShift+Cmd+V

More Drag-And-Drop Options

  • You can drag-and-drop quotations in the Quotation Manager to a code in the side-panel in the Quotation Manager.

  • You can drag-and-drop quotations from the Quotation Manager to a code in Code Manager.

  • You can drag-and-drop one or more codes to a quotation in the Quotation Manager.

  • You can drag-and-drop one or more codes to a quotation in the Quotation Browser in the Navigation Panel.

  • You can drag-and-drop quotations from the Quotation Browser to a code in Code Manager.

  • You can drag-and-drop quotations from the Quotation Browser in the Navigation panel to a code in side panel of the Quotation Manager.